什么是進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅和銷(xiāo)項(xiàng)稅
進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅和銷(xiāo)項(xiàng)稅分別指“增值稅進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額”和“增值稅銷(xiāo)項(xiàng)稅額”。其中進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅是納稅人購(gòu)進(jìn)貨物或者接受應(yīng)稅勞務(wù),所支付或者負(fù)擔(dān)的增值稅;銷(xiāo)項(xiàng)稅指納稅人銷(xiāo)售貨物或者提供應(yīng)稅勞務(wù),按照銷(xiāo)售額和適用稅率計(jì)算并向購(gòu)買(mǎi)方收取的增值稅。
增值稅一般納稅人發(fā)生應(yīng)稅行為,應(yīng)先按當(dāng)期銷(xiāo)售額和適用稅率計(jì)算出銷(xiāo)項(xiàng)稅額,再將當(dāng)期準(zhǔn)予抵扣的進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額進(jìn)行抵扣,從而間接計(jì)算出當(dāng)期增值額部分的應(yīng)納稅額。當(dāng)期銷(xiāo)項(xiàng)稅額和當(dāng)期進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額這兩個(gè)因素決定了一般納稅人當(dāng)期的應(yīng)納稅額。體現(xiàn)為以下公式:當(dāng)期應(yīng)納稅額=當(dāng)期銷(xiāo)項(xiàng)稅額-當(dāng)期進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額增值稅。